Every RIO token that exists in a public wallet and can be traded, summed once across all seven chains it lives on, net of Realio-controlled reserve and treasury wallets.
Circulating supply can be measured in more than one legitimate way. This is one of them, built to be transparent and reproducible. It rests on two assumptions:
Each figure is public float on that chain: total minted, minus any Realio-controlled wallets. Every number is verifiable on that chain's explorer.
These balances are treated as non-circulating and subtracted from the figures above: Realio-controlled reserve and treasury wallets, the reserve and treasury share of what was taken on 25 August, and the Algorand units retired by the 11 September reissuance. Addresses are listed so anyone can check.
Base is also excluded from the sum: its ~2M is lock-and-minted against RIO held in the Base bridge on Ethereum, so it is already counted inside the Ethereum figure. The native bridge module holds 0 RIO, which is what confirms balances add up rather than double-count.
New RIO is issued only on the Realio native chain, as block rewards to stakers, capped at 175M. The other chains mint only against RIO burned or locked elsewhere. So circulating supply should grow only at the scheduled rate, and we check that every day.
Read live from Realio's on-chain mint module. Expected issuance allows for the chain's real block time, about 5.67 seconds against the 5 its parameter assumes, which puts real issuance about 12% below the nominal rate. Bridging moves RIO between chains without creating any, so only emission minus burns changes the total.
Circulating supply says how much RIO exists. How much of it can actually trade depends on two things: how much the market absorbs in a day, and how far each coin is from a venue.
| Exchange | Wallets | RIO | % of BNB | % of circ. |
|---|
| Holder | Type | RIO | % of ETH | % of circ. |
|---|
One measure throughout: RIO in public hands, chain by chain, with Realio-controlled and protocol-held balances taken out at every date. Stacked together the bands make the multichain total, in millions of RIO. The default view runs from the 30 October 2024 migration, when the Ethereum and BNB tokens were re-issued and the bridge switched from a reserve/lock model to burn-and-mint. Switch the range for the whole history, back to December 2020.
Note on 25 August 2026. The Algorand and Stellar lines do not step up on this date, and that is deliberate. Balances taken from Realio-controlled wallets that morning are held in a separate compromised bucket rather than reclassified as public float, so the series stays comparable with the days before it. Nothing was minted on either chain. The full incident report is here.
Before 2023, most RIO sat in wallets that were not in public hands: nine Ethereum wallets held the 2020 issuance in near-identical 10M blocks, and Algorand's 100M sat almost entirely in its reserve. Those are excluded here, which is why float starts near 9M rather than near 300M.
Bands stack to the total. Realio-controlled wallets are excluded at every date, so the whole series is comparable end to end. The step marked MEXC moves to Ethereum is 50.3M changing chains on 11 September 2026; the total does not move. The dashed line is the 175M native emission cap.
The post-migration bridge really is burn-and-mint, and it can be checked. Below is the full mint and burn ledger of the two main EVM contracts, reconciled against their live supply, followed by the origin of RIO on every chain it lives on. Together they show why the multichain total sits so far above the native figure.
| Contract | Minted | Burned | Net | Live supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BNB Chain | 275.4M | 119.5M | 156.0M | 155.9M ✓ |
| Ethereum | 134.7M | 63.8M | 70.9M | 70.9M ✓ |
| Both contracts | 410.1M | 183.3M | 226.8M | reconciles |
| Chain | On chain | Public float | How it was created |
|---|---|---|---|
| Realio native | 85M | 85M | Block-reward emission (capped at 175M) since 2023, plus burn-and-mint bridging to and from the other chains |
| BNB Chain | 156M | 156M | Direct mint in 2023, re-issued and expanded in the 2024 migration |
| Ethereum | 71M | 71M | Direct mint in 2020, re-issued on a new contract in the 2024 migration |
| Algorand | 100M | 7.8M | Direct mint in 2020, fixed supply, most still held in Realio wallets |
| Stellar | 75M | 5.9M | Direct mint in 2020 (100M), burned to 75M in 2022, most in treasury |
| Solana | 1.1M | 1.1M | Bridged from the EVM chains (burn-and-mint) |
First, the bridge genuinely burns as well as mints: about 183M RIO has been burned across the two EVM contracts, roughly 45% of everything minted on them, so RIO moves off these chains as well as onto them. Every net figure reconciles with the live totalSupply, so the capture is complete.
Second, almost none of this supply originates from the native chain. Back in 2020, before the native chain existed and before any bridge, RIO was minted directly and at the same time on three separate chains, Ethereum, Algorand and Stellar, at 100M each. Ethereum and Stellar were later partly burned, and Algorand's 100M is fixed. BNB Chain added a further 75M direct mint in 2023. Most of the Algorand and Stellar supply still sits in Realio-controlled wallets and is excluded from the circulating figure, but it exists on-chain. Native creates new RIO through its emission schedule, which is bounded by the 8% rate and the 175M cap, and holds around 85M today. RIO does bridge between native and the other chains in both directions, but bridging only moves existing tokens, it does not create them, so native emission cannot be the source of the multichain total.
So the ongoing bridge is consistent and two-way, but the size of the cross-chain supply is a legacy of historical direct issuance across several chains, not of the native emission schedule. We present this as measurement, not accusation, and we invite the team to publish the full cross-chain reconciliation.
Method: for the burn-and-mint contracts, every ERC-20 Transfer from the zero address (a mint) and to the zero address (a burn) since the 30 October 2024 migration, summed and reconciled against totalSupply; both use the RIO contract at 0x94a8…1aa0. Per-chain totals are read live from each chain's public endpoint. Native emission is bounded by the 8% schedule and the 175M cap, so it cannot have created more than roughly 90M over the chain's life to date; bridging moves RIO in and out of native but does not create it. Fully reproducible from public data (see rio_mint_burn_audit.py).
Try a price. See the circulating market cap it would imply, on our real multichain supply.
ImportantA market cap is a valuation, price times supply, not the capital needed to reach that price. Because only a fraction of the supply is actively liquid, price can move on far less than the market cap implies, in either direction. See how much of it is actually liquid, further up this page.
Arithmetic, price times supply, not a forecast. Uses realiostats' full multichain circulating supply. Anything you enter stays in your browser.